The yetzer hatov makes its first
appearance in the Bible in the form of the serpent who tempts Eve to eat from
the Tree of Knowledge. Eve is attracted to the Tree because she believes eating
its fruit will make her as powerful and independent as God. It’s her
competitive impulse that draws her to rebel against God’s command. In our Bible
class, Shaynan Graves suggested that Eve was more likely to oppose God, because
she was created to be an ezer k’negdo/a helpful oppose. That is, Adam is
attracted to Eve, in part because she is different from him. She offers him a
perspective on the world that he does not have. And, with that perspective,
Adam is more complete.
When Abraham appears on the scene, he
elevates the yetzer hara to a new level. In opposing God’s plan to destroy the
wicked Sodom, Abraham accesses his independent, rebellious side. But, Abraham’s
motivation for opposing God’s will is not to compete with God. Rather, Abraham
is trying to hold God to God’s own highest standards. In this way, Abraham
becomes God’s ezer k’negdo (helpful opposition).
It is clear that this is exactly what
attracted God to Abraham in the first place. In the first eleven chapters of Genesis,
God is depicted as searching for a partner, someone who will understand Him,
but also, where appropriate, oppose him. God’s initial search for a human
partner ends in frustration, much as Adam initially does not find a suitable
mate. Adam and Eve, Cain, the generation of Noah and the people of Babel are
all a disappointment to God.
Along comes Abraham, and God declares
‘zot ha’paam’—this time, it’s right---as Adam declared about Eve. When God
considers ‘not covering up’ what God is about to do to Sodom from Abraham, it
is reminiscent of the stage in a love relationship where partners begin to
share things with each other that they would share with no one else. God even
uses the words ‘ki tedativ’/ for I have ‘known’ Abraham. The word ‘yada’ in
Biblical Hebrew is the word for intimacy, both physical and emotional.
This aspect of love is well known to
us from the Katherine Hepburn-Spencer Tracy movies. The Hepburn character is
attractive to the Tracy character precisely because she opposes him. Throughout
the Bible, we, the Jewish people, are Katherine Hepburn to God’s Spencer Tracy. God is constantly complaining about our
rebelliousness, calling us ‘a stiff
necked people” and in the prophets ‘an untrained calf.’ Our disobedience often results in the severest
of punishments. But, it is arguable that the same quality in us that is so
problematic for God is precisely what attracted God to us in the first place.